Cyber operations have become part of armed conflicts, and the international community recognizes that the use of ICTs in future conflicts between States is becoming more likely. The ICRC is concerned about the potential human cost of cyber operations and has documented areas of particular concern in the past. In March 2021, States recognized that cyber operations may seriously affect civilian infrastructure and thus result in 'devastating humanitarian consequences'. The ICRC urges States to work towards providing more clarity on the limits that existing rules of IHL impose on cyber operations.

https://www.icrc.org/en/document/short-papers-on-international-humanitarian-law-and-cyber-operations-during-armed-conflicts

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