India will soon become the world's most populous nation, ending the long-held title that China has had since the 1950s, when the United Nations started maintaining population records. By mid-2023, India's population is expected to reach 1.4286 billion, inching past China's 1.4257 billion, according to a United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) report released in April. This significant demographic shift stems from differences in fertility rates, demographic structures, and population distribution.

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