In 2022, from Africa to the Americas, Near and Middle East to Asia, the ICRC mapped 524 armed groups that are of humanitarian concern, with at least 175 million people estimated to live in areas fully or fluidly under their control. Urban areas, which convey both tactical and strategic advantages to them, have become the battlefield of predilection of armed groups. As their irregular and improvised methods of urban warfare result in incidental and deliberate harm to civilians, ICRC released a new set of guidance to Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs), "Reducing Civilian Harm in Urban Warfare: A Handbook for Armed Groups".

https://www.icrc.org/en/document/reducing-civilian-harm-urban-warfare-handbook-armed-groups

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